For all such a various array of events in the Middle East, there is one title: a scramble toward forging a new regional system after two competing models. One model seeks a regional system that rests on sovereign nation-states, whereas the other envisions a hybrid regional system composed of weaker states linked with sub-state actors performing state functions in the regional balance of power. While Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy falls into the former model, Iran’s foreign policy is informed by the latter. Each of them is driven by specific perceptions and structural imperatives to adopt their respective model.   

The mass movement in Sudan, which dates back to 19 December 2018, carried the element of pure surprise and absolute astonishment, despite the fact that this uprising is the natural product of accumulated factors, historical and economic.  This study is divided into three parts, preceded by an introduction. The first part deals with the geography of the uprising in terms of the causes and trends of the events as well as the range of mobilization. The second part outlines the central actors/players in the Sudanese mobilization. The third part illustrates the stance of the Sudanese military from the upri

The article focuses on narrating how historically political attention has been gradating toward climate change issues, how the issue of climate change, weather research, the study of climate change drivers, and ways to reduce the emissions of climate change have stepped out from the scientific field, collided with politics and conflict of interest of economic nations, and how new blocs may be formed to address this issue, which poses a real threat to the environment, the safety of the planet and future generations, from which no state is excluded. On the other hand, it has become a tool of political pressure and a new dispute, as states have begun to p

Saudi Vision 2030 aims to involve the national citizenry as motivated stakeholders in the Kingdom’s transition to a knowledge-based economy. In doing so, it recognizes the need to inculcate up-to-date skills sets among young nationals. Nevertheless, today, the types of knowledge and skills required in the economy are rapidly changing, driven by the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution. “The Future of Jobs Report 2018,” a report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in September 2018, for instance, underscores the need for a comprehensive workforce strategy to meet the challenges of accelerating change and innovation. Likewise,

卷入叙利亚武装冲突的两大利益相关方—土耳其与美国—近日在政治、军事等方面发挥的作用越来越大。美土双方对叙利亚问题的外交和安全政策表明，外国的干涉使得地区问题难以解决。通过全面具体的外交手段来解决这一问题是一项非常艰巨的任务。本文的第一部分阐明土耳其政治和军事参与的日益重要的作用及其在国际上对叙利亚库尔德民主联盟、人民保护部队、叙利亚民族解放阵线(NLF)、沙姆解放组织（HTS）、伊斯兰国（ISIS）在内的一些地区势力造成的矛盾影响。本文第二部分论述了2018�

法里斯·苏莱曼尼 2014年底油价急剧下跌所带来的巨额财政赤字以及青年失业方面的长期挑战，是近年来推动沙特阿拉伯经济政策的两个主要议题。这些挑战虽然在该地区并不是独一无二的，但与王国的一些“超级食利”邻居相比显得特别巨大，而且它们已在政策制定层面产生了紧迫感。 这些趋势也形成了发生重大国内政治变革的背景，新的领导层试图进行一系列转型经济改革计划，最著名的是“2030愿景”计划和更详细的国家转型计划。 这些�

斯蒂芬·赫托格 实现2030愿景道路上的众多挑战中，为沙特国民创造工作机会在政治上是最重要的——在初期聚焦其它与愿景相关的政策领域后，这已经逐渐成为王国经济政策讨论的重点。但仍缺乏能够为沙特国民提供充足和持续就业的方案：工作提供系统（尼套高特）自2011年引入以来提供了大量的就业机会，但它也在商业工作领域产生了巨大代价，许多尼套高特创造的工作没有生产性甚至不是真实就业。依靠自然经济增长为沙特国民创造的就业机会并不充足�

穆罕默德·阿勒斯比特里博士 近来非洲之角见证了当地国家追求近二十年的地区运动结束，解决了当地国家延续自殖民时代的历史争议和边界问题，如族群多样性、非洲东部国家和红海地区国家冲突。在很短时间内，非洲之角由大陆最紧张的地区转变为模范的和解地区  

奥斯曼·阿里·阿勒麦兹德 自2016年王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼亲王（时任王储继承人）访问东京，2017年两圣地的仆人萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹历史性访问日本，两国间的战略合作迅速发展深入。双边建立联合愿景共同体（2030沙特日本联合愿景）的深度合作使这些访问达到顶点。联合愿景旨在投资新兴产业和推动经济与沙特阿拉伯王国2030愿景同步前进。 尽管日本与阿拉伯世界在经济与贸易领域有广泛合作，但双方�

Inwook Kim Singapore Management University Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia’s bid for economic and social transformation, has been quietly gathering renewed interest in South Korea amid the unfolding drama with the nuclear program of its northern brethren. The latest sign of this engagement occurred when minister Khalid al-Falih of Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Energy, Industry, and Mineral Resources (MOEIMR) met with president Moon Jae-In on May 4 of this year. Their 35-minute private reception was rare for a minister’s meeting, according to a Blue House official, signifying th