Sabian Inscriptions from the Al-Ula: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Number: 22/23
Solaiman al-Theeb

These inscriptions were carved into the northern face of Mount Saq, which stands 220 meters high, located in the western part of Wadi Al-Qura, extending approximately two kilometers from north to south. It is located three kilometers from the current archaeological site of Dadan. Notably, the site is just one kilometer north of the well-known site “Um Daraj,” where numerous religious artifacts and statues of various sizes and shapes—over three thousand statues, most of which bear late Dadanite inscriptions—have been uncovered. Interestingly, Um Daraj is located north of Wadi Saq, while our site lies to the south.

The significance of this group of inscriptions, which totals 26—mostly commemorative, aside from four architectural inscriptions—lies in several aspects, the most important being the presence of the Sabeans in the region. The Sabeans took advantage of the tolerant nature of the Dadanian society. This characteristic distinguished communities in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula from those in the central or southern regions. These communities, represented in this case by the Dadanian and Lihyanian states (1100-100 BC), did not shy away from allowing the communities settling in the kingdoms of Dadan and Lihyan to practice their religions and languages, which posed a significant threat to the local society but also allowed the settlers to maintain their connection to their homeland.